Introduction of operating system

 

Basic of Operating System concepts

An operating System (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware, software resources, and provides common services for computer programs. An Operating System (OS) is an interface between a computer user and computer hardware. An operating system is a software which performs all the basic tasks like file management, memory management, process management, handling input and output, and controlling peripheral devices such as disk drives and printers.
  • Manages the computer’s resources (hardware, abstract resources, software)
  • It handles input/output to and from attached hardware devices, such as hard disks, printers and dial-up ports.
  • It is also used to control programs to prevent errors and improper computer use.
  • It is interrupt driven.


Examples of Operating System are – 

  • Windows (GUI based, PC)
  • GNU/Linux (Personal, Workstations, ISP, File and print server, Three-tier client/Server)
  • macOS (Macintosh), used for Apple’s personal computers and workstations (MacBook, iMac).
  • Android (Google’s Operating System for smartphones/tablets/smartwatches)
  • iOS (Apple’s OS for iPhone, iPad, and iPod Touch)

Architecture of operating system



Functions of Operating System

  • Memory Management
  • Processor Management
  • Device Management
  • File Management
  • Security
  • Control over system performance
  • Job accounting
  • Error detecting aids
  • Coordination between other software and users

Operating system do:-

  1. Process Synchronization
  2. Memory Management
  3. CPU Scheduling
  4. File Management
  5. Security

Application of Operating System

  • Security − By means of password and similar other techniques, it prevents unauthorized access to programs and data.
  • Control over system performance − Recording delays between request for a service and response from the system.
  • Job accounting − Keeping track of time and resources used by various jobs and users.
  • Error detecting aids − Production of dumps, traces, error messages, and other debugging and error detecting aids.

Types of Operating System


1. Batch Operating System

  • There is no direct communication between the computer and the OS
  • There is an intermediate, the Operator, which needs to distribute the work into batches and sort similar jobs

2. Real-Time Operating System

  • It has a data processing system
  • The processing time is very small between the user’s command and the output

3. Time-Sharing Operating System

  • Multiple people at various terminals can use a program at the same time 
  • The main motive is to minimize the response time

4. Distributed Operating System

  • When two or more systems are connected to each other and one can open files which are not present in their system but in other devices connected in the network
  • They use multiple central processors to serve real-time applications

5. Embedded Operating System

  • These special Operating systems are built into larger systems
  • They generally are limited to single specific functions like an ATM

6. Network Operating System

  • They have one main server which is connected to other client servers
  • All the management of files, processing of data, access to sharing files, etc. are performed over this small network

7. Mobile Operating System

  • With the advancement in the field of technology, smartphones now are released with an Operating system. 
  • They are designed in a manner that they can help a small device work efficiently


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